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The Remeasurement of the Economy
Digitalization - what works, what comes next?
Jacques Ziegler, BIT Magazin for Business Process and Output Management
Published in: DiALOG - DAS MAGAZIN FÜR ENTERPRISE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT | MÄRZ 2016
“More will happen in the next five years than in the past five decades,” Günther Oettinger, the EU Commissioner responsible for digitalization, is certain. EU Commissioner responsible for digitalization, is certain. Never before have newcomers been able to challenge the established position of established companies so quickly, and rarely have innovative business models been able to establish themselves on the market so quickly. The technological and organizational paradigm shifts are now being followed by a fundamental upheaval of the economy, indeed of entire national economies. The fact that digitalization is not only capable of shaking up the balance of power in the usual competitive environment, but can also change global market structures, is shown by the ranking of the world's most valuable companies presented by the consulting firm Ernest & Young at the end of December 2015. For example The American digital companies Amazon, Apple, Facebook, Google and Microsoft together have a larger market capitalization on the stock exchange than all 30 German companies listed on the DAX.
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Führung wird immer wichtiger
Zweifellos, die meisten Unternehmen werden sich in den kommenden Jahren stark verändern. Neben ihren Strukturen und den Arbeitsbeziehungen in ihnen werden sich oft auch ihre Geschäftsmodelle wandeln. Doch eines wird sich nicht verändern: der Mensch Mitarbeiter. Er wird sich weiterhin Halt und Orientierung wünschen – gerade wenn im Unternehmen selbst und in dessen Umfeld scheinbar alles im Fluss ist.
Doch wer soll ihm dieses Gefühl vermitteln, wenn im Unternehmen sozusagen alles permanent auf dem Prüfstand steht? Letztlich können dies nur die Führungskräfte sein. Deshalb ist die These nicht gewagt: Führung wird künftig in den Unternehmen immer wichtiger werden – gerade weil es im Unternehmenskontext sonst nichts mehr gibt, worauf man als Mitarbeiter bauen und vertrauen kann.
Führung muss sich ändern
Soweit, so beruhigend. Das bedeutet jedoch keineswegs, dass sich Führung nicht verändert. Im Gegenteil! Die Art zu führen, muss sich im digitalen Zeitalter radikal wandeln. Denn folgende Entwicklungslinien sind in den Unternehmen unverkennbar.
- Die für den Unternehmenserfolg relevanten Leistungen werden zunehmend von bereichs- und oft sogar unternehmensübergreifenden Teams erbracht.
- Die für die Kunden erbrachten Lösungen setzen immer mehr Spezialwissen voraus, das die Führungskräfte oft selbst nicht haben.
- Die von den Unternehmen erarbeiteten Strategien, Planungen usw. haben eine immer kürzere Gültigkeitsdauer. Und:
- Die Führungskräfte und ihre Bereiche stehen immer häufiger vor Herausforderungen, für die sie noch keine Lösung haben.
Wie ist in einem solchen Umfeld erfolgreiche Führung möglich – wenn die Führungskräfte einen immer geringeren (disziplinarischen) Zugriff auf ihre Mitarbeiter haben und – salopp formuliert – auch nicht schlauer als diese sind?
Führungskräfte müssen „Marken“ werden
Nach dem klassischen Befehl- und Gehorsam-Prinzip ist dies nicht möglich; ebenso wenig dadurch, dass die Führungskräfte versuchen, sich als Alles-besser-Wisser zu profilieren. Der einzig mögliche Lösungsweg ist: Die Führungskräfte müssen sich zu echten Leadern entwickeln, also Persönlichkeitsmarken, denen die Mitarbeiter vertrauen.
Eine Marke kennzeichnen zwei Faktoren. Erstens: Sie ist aufgrund ihres Auftritts beziehungsweise Erscheinungsbilds wiedererkennbar. Und zweitens: Sie gibt den Kunden ein klares Leistungsversprechen – so wie dies zum Beispiel die Unternehmen Audi und BMW mit ihren Slogans „Vorsprung durch Technik“ beziehungsweise „Freude am Fahren“ tun.
Erkennbar für gewisse Werte stehen
Ähnlich verhält es sich mit Fühungskräften, die eine „Persönlichkeitsmarke“ sind. Auch sie stehen für ihr Umfeld erkennbar für konkrete Werte und Überzeugungen, die sich in ihrem Verhalten zeigen. Also lautet eine Anforderung an Führungskräfte, die eine Persönlichkeitsmarke werden möchten: Sie müssen sich ihrer Werte und Überzeugungen sowie Stärken bewusst werden – also darüber, was sie als Person einzigartig und unverwechselbar macht. Dazu zählt auch das Kennen der eigenen Schwächen. Denn erst aus dem Bewusstsein unserer Stärken und Schwächen erwächst das erforderliche Selbstverständnis für unsere mögliche Wirkung. Und dieses hilft uns wiederum, nicht nur an „Schönwetter-Tagen“, sondern auch, wenn es (im Unternehmen oder Markt) „stürmt und schneit“ eine souveräne Haltung einzunehmen und zu zeigen. Und dies ist wiederum ein Signal für unsere Umwelt: Dieser Marke beziehungsweise Person kannst du vertrauen.
Sich präsentieren und vermarkten
„Werden Sie als Führungskraft eine Marke und präsentieren und vermarkten Sie sich entsprechend“ – diese Aufforderung stößt bei vielen Führungskräften auf Vorbehalte. Denn mit dem Begriff „Vermarktung“ assoziieren sie Attribute wie „schrill“ und „laut“. Doch nur wenige Marken sind so schrill und laut wie Afri Cola. Weit mehr setzen auf ein unaufgeregtes Under-Statement.
Ähnlich verhält es bei der Selbst- Vermarktung von Führungskräften. Auch hier geht es nicht darum, stets am lautesten zu schreien, sondern immer wieder nach außen zu zeigen und zu artikulieren,
- wofür man steht und
- was einem als Person wichtig ist.
Denn so entstehen Glaubwürdigkeit und somit Vertrauen. Und diese Faktoren werden für den Führungserfolg in der von Veränderung geprägten VUCA-Welt immer wichtiger.
The example of Siemens illustrates just how dramatic this situation is for an economy. At 88th place, the traditional company ranks at the bottom of the 100 most valuable companies.
most valuable companies. The oldest European high-tech group is now considered a vulnerable giant whose fate will also determine Germany's future viability. SPIEGEL,
issue 49/2015 even states: “If Siemens cannot keep up in the global race for technological supremacy, this would be a warning sign for the whole of Europe.”
The new VW CEO Matthias Müller also fears that Germany and Europe are not equipped for the fundamental changes brought about by digitalization and networking. In the traditional Isny Round Table, he warned: “The economic balance in the world is currently being redistributed.” Many sectors, including the automotive industry, are facing a transformation along the lines of consumer electronics. Here, analog hardware (vinyl records) became digital hardware (CDs), digital hardware became software (music files) to ultimately be made available via cloud streaming services at the time of use. For Siemens CEO Joe Kaeser, the old adage that the big eats the small and the fast eats the slow no longer applies. “It's not the fastest and the biggest that will survive, but those that adapt best to their changing environment.” So that large corporations can keep up with the fast-paced game of digital newcomers, they are happy to invest in start-ups, as Siemens recently did. However, the potential for success can only be realized can only be realized if the creativity and innovative spirit of the young team is not restricted by hierarchical rules.
“Digitalization is not just a technology, it is a weapon to existing business models attack existing business models.”
Sudden and unexpected
They come out of nowhere, the new competitors for established companies. They are often small, smart and agile, without hierarchical structures but with amazing business models. Facebook, founded in 2004, is now the largest platform for content without producing any content itself. Uber, founded in 2009, is the world's largest passenger transportation company, without owning a fleet of vehicles. Airbnb, which was founded in 2008 and has since brokered over 15 million overnight stays, is the largest provider of private accommodation without managing any real estate itself. In just a few years, these companies have grown into billion-dollar enterprises and are in the process of fundamentally changing the rules of the game in their respective sectors. The business models of all three companies are based on networking their customers.
Drivers of digitalization
Alongside mobile technologies, cloud computing, big data analytics, adaptive algorithms and intelligent sensors, networking is one of the technological drivers of digitalization.
According to market research by networking giant Cisco, a huge wave of networking of data, objects, processes and people is set to take place over the next few years. In industry, for example
intelligent sensors will ensure that fully automated production facilities are created that are also capable of learning themselves.
The term Industry 4.0 was invented at the Hannover Messe 2011 for this fourth industrial revolution; in the USA, the term cyber-physical systems is used.
According to forecasts by Cisco, networking will bring companies worldwide over 14 trillion dollars in savings, but also profits through new business models. As a result
this will rationalize plant utilization, increase employee productivity, optimize the supply of accessories, vastly improve service and increase the ability to innovate.
Companies in the mechanical engineering sector will not only manufacture systems but also network with partners and suppliers. At Maschinenfabrik Trumpf, according to
Peter Leibinger, a member of the management board, Trumpf even wants to broker business for its customers because it has the necessary market-relevant database. This opens up completely new
prospects for the company.
“No manufacturing company can avoid way around Industry 4.0.”
“We are experiencing the most serious technological changes since the World War II”.
known as “fintech” in start-up jargon. In Germany alone, there are already around 350 start-ups in this business environment, says Peter Lennartz, Partner and start-up expert at Ernst & Young, to the German Press Agency.
Digital platforms are sprouting up like mushrooms, especially in the diverse service market. “The next wave will come in the healthcare sector,” predicts the management consultant.
predicts.
Customer as part of the value chain
Wearables, wristwatch-sized devices, help to collect biometric data from their wearers and forward it to insurance companies via an app. If you live a healthy life and exercise a lot, you can save money. Insurer Generali recently announced its intention to introduce this business model in Germany. Data in exchange for discounts - other insurance companies are also are also looking into such concepts.
The Allianz Group wants to push ahead with digitalization in a major move to improve customer and employee satisfaction, as Allianz CEO Oliver Bäte recently announced. With digitized processes and new online businesses, five million new customers are to be brought into the company worldwide by 2018 in addition to the normal growth, resulting in additional premium income of 6.5 percent annually. At the same time, digitization is expected to save one billion in costs annually.
In the car insurance sector, Sparkassen-Direktversicherung is a pioneer in telematics tariffs. A device the size of a cigarette packet, fitted in the car, monitors driving style and speed, braking and acceleration. The insured person can claim corresponding discounts for defensive driving behavior.
The following therefore applies to car insurers: those who have access to customer data can tailor car policies and minimize the insurance risk to an unprecedented extent. “The race for customers and data will be decided by attractive offers for customers,” says Carsten Schmidt-Jochmann from the consulting firm Roland Berger, which recently presented the study ‘Motor insurers must reinvent themselves’. Only insurers that retain control of data and offer innovative policies will be among the winners in the industry's paradigm shift.
“In six years' time, things will be manufactured radically differently than today. Companies with digital expertise will take over not only on the internet, but but also in production.”
For Andrew Anagnost, Head of Marketing at Autodesk, a software company specializing in CAD and computer animation, the trend is clear: “In six years' time, things will be made radically differently than they are today. differently than today. Companies with digital expertise will take over not only on the Internet, but also in production,” he told the Stuttgarter Zeitung newspaper. This also applies to the automotive industry. “These companies no longer need any of the processes that a traditional car manufacturer uses. They have a purely digital infrastructure - in design, testing and production. They can bring cars to market within months, not years.”
Digitization offers the opportunity to expand and enrich value creation processes, for example with an information network to suppliers, other producers, sales partners, to logistics service providers and to own and third-party providers, as the authors Ralf T. Kreutzer and Karl-Heinz Land impressively describe in their book “Dematerialization - The Redistribution of the World in Times of Digital Darwinism”.
In this context, there is rightly talk of a fourth industrial revolution, as has already fundamentally changed society over the past 100 years following the invention of steam engines, electrification and the associated division of labor in mass production, and the automation of production through electronics and IT. An industrial revolution is characterized by fundamental changes that not only affect one part of a sector, industry or society, but rather change and reorganize all areas of social life and the economy. And so digitalization and networking is more than just a technological leap forward. It is creating a new cultural environment for people's lives and their behavior, and will influence and change social and labour market policy, legal policy and legislation.
What is possible? What is coming?
The networked customer supports the value creation of companies by being integrated into the business process. Allianz Private Krankenversicherung, for example, is launching an app that allows customers to photograph receipts and invoices and submit them to the insurer.
However, the networked customer is also becoming part of the value chain and their service requirements are growing. Customer communication takes place on all available channels and they expect information on demand, i.e. the fastest possible responses to their inquiries, with customer contact possible around the clock. Offers, products and services that are individually tailored to the customer are becoming increasingly commonplace. Apps often serve as the basis for new service offerings and new business models.
For companies, this means that they must view processes from the customer's perspective and be able to react quickly and flexibly to new requirements. Rigid processes are only a a hindrance. Companies must be able to reach the customer at the right time via the right channel with the right offer. This means making changes to processes
processes, putting the organization to the test, giving specialist departments greater scope for action, automating processes and promoting agility in development, production and logistics. production and logistics. And finally, it means examining and creating options for new business models.
The application-related technologies and concepts for this are available. They are called enterprise information management (EIM), enterprise content management (ECM), business intelligence (BI), cognitive solutions based on artificial intelligence, CRM, cloud computing, big data analytics and many more. They only need to be applied in the appropriate context and, of course, their functional scope needs to be adapted to the new requirements. Provided that the organizational and structural framework conditions are aligned with digital strategies. The development of digital business models based on design thinking is recommended as a starting point here. The consequences of the new era of digitalization for individual companies are still unclear. But it should already be clear today: Everything that can be digitized will be digitized, just as everything that can be automated will be automated.
Jacques Ziegler was editor-in-chief from 1993 to 2014 editor-in-chief of the magazine BIT MAGAZINE. In January 2016, the BIT looked back looked back on its 50th anniversary. The specialist magazine for business process management is thus the oldest IT-related magazine on the German market. To this day, BIT competent companion and pioneer of the information technology infrastructure in companies and the associated organization. Jacques Ziegler: “To the technological and organizational paradigm shifts that BIT in the past 50 years with qualified specialist information now being followed by a fundamental upheaval in the economy, indeed entire economies. Enterprise Information Management as a methodical approach for coping with the digital transformation plays a outstanding role.”
www.bit-news.de
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